Predictive Value of Complete Blood Count and Inflammation Marker on Risk of Recurrence in Children with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the predictive value of complete blood count (CBC) and inflammation marker on the recurrence risk in children with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP).@*METHODS@#One hundred and thirty-three children with HSP admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from February 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The clinical data of the children were collected, at the time of admission CBC and C-reactive protein (CRP) were detected. After discharge, the children were followed up for 1 year, the clinical data of children with and without recurrence were compared, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors affecting HSP recurrence. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve should be drawn and the predictive value of CBC and CRP on HSP recurrence should be analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the follow-up of 133 children, 8 cases were lost and 39 cases recurred, with a recurrence rate of 31.20% (39/125). The age, skin rash duration, proportion of renal damage at the initial onset, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), MPV/PLT ratio (MPR), and CRP level of patients with recurrence were statistically different from those without recurrence (P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that long skin rash duration, renal damage at the initial onset, increased PLR, high PLT, increased MPV and elevated CRP level were independent risk factors for recurrence in children with HSP (P <0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the combination of the four blood and inflammation marker (PLT, MPV, PLR and CPR) in the early prediction of HSP recurrence was 0.898, which was higher than the initial renal damage (AUC=0.687) and persistent skin rash time (AUC=0.708), with a sensitivity of 84.62% and a specificity of 83.72%.@*CONCLUSION@#Observation of CBC and CPR can predict the risk of HSP recurrence early and guide early clinical intervention.

Effects and mechanisms of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot in improving insulin resistance and podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic kidney disease based on IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA), the extracts from traditional Chinese medicine indicated for kidney diseases, on insulin resistance(IR) and podocyte epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) in diabetic kidney disease(DKD), and further to reveal the scientific connotation. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a TFA group, and a rosiglitazone(ROS) group. The modified DKD model was induced in rats by methods including high-fat diet feeding, unilateral nephrectomy, and streptozotocin(STZ) intraperitoneal injection. After modeling, the rats in the four groups were given double-distilled water, TFA suspension, and ROS suspension correspondingly by gavage every day. At the end of the 8th week of drug administration, all rats were sacrificed, and the samples of urine, blood, and kidney tissues were collected. The parameters and indicators related to IR and podocyte EMT in the DKD model rats were examined and observed, including the general condition, body weight(BW) and kidney weight(KW), the biochemical parameters and IR indicators, the protein expression levels of the key signaling molecules and structural molecules of slit diaphragm in the renal insulin receptor substrate(IRS) 1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/serine-threonine kinase(Akt) pathway, foot process form and glomerular basement membrane(GBM) thickness, the expression of the marked molecules and structural molecules of slit diaphragm in podocyte EMT, and glomerular histomorphological characteristics. The results showed that for the DKD model rats, both TFA and ROS could improve the general condition, some biochemical parameters, renal appearance, and KW. The ameliorative effects of TFA and ROS were equivalent on BW, urinary albumin(UAlb)/urinary creatinine(UCr), serum creatinine(Scr), triglyceride(TG), and KW. Secondly, they could both improve IR indicators, and ROS was superior to TFA in improving fast insulin(FIN) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR). Thirdly, they could both improve the protein expression levels of the key signaling molecules in the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway and glomerulosclerosis in varying degrees, and their ameliorative effects were similar. Finally, both could improve podocyte injury and EMT, and TFA was superior to ROS. In conclusion, this study suggested that podocyte EMT and glomerulosclerosis could be induced by IR and the decreased activation of the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway in the kidney in DKD. Similar to ROS, the effects of TFA in inhibiting podocyte EMT in DKD were related to inducing the activation of the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway and improving IR, which could be one of the scientific connotations of TFA against DKD. This study provides preliminary pharmacological evidence for the development and application of TFA in the field of diabetic complications.

Establishment of Feedforward Control Model for Dry Granulation of Polysaccharide Components Based on Quality by Design / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveA feedforward control model for dry granulation of polysaccharide components was established to guide the adjustment and optimization of critical process parameters （CPPs） in the design space， so as to reduce the impact of fluctuations in raw materials properties on the quality of medicines. MethodTaking Astragali Radix extract powder as the model drug， the design space of dry granulation CPPs was determined by Box-Behnken design. Astragali Radix mixed powder with different powder properties were prepared by mixture design， the variance inflation factor （VIF） was used to diagnose the multicollinearity of the powder properties， and principal component analysis （PCA） was used to extract the characteristic data of the model. Radial basis function neural network （RBFNN） was used to establish a feedforward control model for reflecting the relationship between the powder properties of polysaccharide components， dry granulation CPPs and one-time molding rate. ResultThe design space for dry granulation CPPs of polysaccharide components was 16-35 Hz for feeding speed， 10-23 Hz for roller speed， and 10-46 kg·cm-2 for roller pressure. The established RBFNN feedforward control model had a good predictive effect on the one-time molding rate of dry granulation of polysaccharide components， which could be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， the relative error was 0.38%-6.73%， and the average relative error was 3.42%. ConclusionThe established feedforward control model can well reflect the relationship between the powder properties of the polysaccharide components， the dry granulation CPPs and the one-time molding rate of the granules， which can be used to guide the adjustment and optimization of CPPs in the design space， reduce the impact of material property fluctuation on product quality， and provide ideas for promoting the quality of traditional Chinese medicine from passive control to active control.

Panax notoginseng saponins prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer via inhibition IDO1 mediated immune regulation / 中国天然药物

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most lethal cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. A key driver of CRC development is colon inflammatory responses especially in patients with inflammatory bowl disease (IBD). It has been proved that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumor effects. The chemopreventive and immunomodulatory functions of PNS on colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) have not been evaluated.This present study was designed to study the potential protective effects of PNS on AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice to explore the possible mechanism of PNS against CAC. Our study showed that PNS significantly alleviated colitis severity and prevented the occurrence of CAC. Functional assays revealed that PNS relieved immunosuppression of Treg cells in the CAC microenvironment by inhibiting the expression of IDO1 mediated directly by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) rather than phosphorylated STAT1. Ultimately, Rh1, one of the PNS metabolites, exhibited the best inhibitory effect on IDO1 enzyme activity. Our study showed that PNS exerted significant chemopreventive function and immunomodulatory properties on CAC. It could reduce macrophages accumulation and Treg cells differentiation to reshape the immune microenvironment of CAC. These findings provided a promising approach for CAC intervention.

Effect of Rheb1 in the Development of Mouse Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Rheb1 in the development of mouse megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and its related mechanism.@*METHODS@#Rheb1 was specifically knocked-out in the hematopoietic system of Vav1-Cre;Rheb1fl/fl mice(Rheb1Δ/Δ mice). Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of red blood cells in peripheral blood and erythroid cells in bone marrow in Vav1-Cre;Rheb1fl/fl mice and control mice. The CFC assay was used to detect the differentiation ability of Rheb1 KO megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and control cells. Real-time fluorescence quantification PCR was used to detect the relative expression of PU.1,GATA-1,GATA-2,CEBPα and CEBPβ of Rheb1 KO megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells and control cells. Rapamycin was added to the culture medium, and it was used to detect the changes in cloning ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells from wild-type mice in vitro.@*RESULTS@#After Rheb1 was knocked out, the development and stress response ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in mice were weaken and the differentiation ability of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro was weaken. Moreover, the expression of GATA-1 of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells was decreased. Further, rapamycin could inhibit the differentiative capacity of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells in vitro.@*CONCLUSION@#Rheb1 can regulate the development of megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells probably through the mTOR signaling pathway in mice.

Role of M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase in diabetic retinopathy / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Diabetic retinopathy(DR), one of the most common diabetes-specific microvascular complications, is classically described by intraretinal microvascular abnormalities and neovascularization. It is the main reason why visual impairment and blindness in people aged 20-65 years worldwide. Glycolysis can provide energy by converting glucose into pyruvate. Endothelial cells mainly utilize glycolysis to produce ATP to maintain the function, including forming tight junctions and barrier functions. Pyruvate kinase(PK)M2(M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase)is a key enzyme of glycolysis and is widely expressed in most tissues. As major cellular components in the retina, endothelial cells and photoreceptor cells play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of DR. Studies have shown that PKM2 takes part in the development of DR by regulating the function of endothelial cells and photoreceptors in metabolic and non-metabolic ways. Therefore, this article overviews the role of PKM2 in DR from the direction of endothelial cells and photoreceptor cells and provides new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of DR.

Effects of MCC950 on nerve injury in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage / 中国应用生理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of the pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 on nerve injury in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). Methods: Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=24): Sham group, ICH group and MCC950 group. ICH group and MCC950 group rats were injected with autogenous non-anticoagulant blood to establish ICH model, and then the rats in MCC950 group were intraperitoneally injected with MCC950 at the dose of 10 mg/kg(2 mg/ml) for 3 days after ICH model was established. Seventy-two hours after the establishment of the model, the forelimb placement test, the corner test and mNSS score were performed to observe the neurological function of the rats with ICH. The volume of hematoma was observed in fresh brain tissue sections. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue. The dry-wet weight ratio was calculated to evaluate the changes of brain tissue edema. The degeneration of neurons was observed by FJC staining. The neuronal apoptosis was observed by TUNEL staining. The protein expression and activation levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18 and GSDMD were determined by Western blot. Results: Compared with sham group, the percentage of successful placement of left forelimb and left turn was decreased significantly (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), mNSS score was increased significantly (P＜0.01) in ICH group. Hematoma volume was increased significantly, the number of microglial cells around the hematoma was increased, the number of neurons was decreased, nerve cell swelled, some cells showed pyknotic necrosis, and the staining was deepened. The water content of the right base was increased significantly (P＜0.05). The number of FJC positive and TUNEL positive cells around the hematoma was increased significantly (P＜0.05). The levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio, GSDMD-N, GSDMD, GSDMD-N/GSDMD ratio, IL-1β and IL-18 were increased significantly (P＜0.01, P＜ 0.05). Compared with ICH group, the percentage of successful placement of left forelimb and left turn was increased significantly in MCC950 group (P＜0.05), while the mNSS score and the volume of hematoma were decreased significantly (P＜0.01), the swelling degree of nerve cells around the hematoma was reduced significantly, and the number of pyrotic necrotic cells was decreased. The water content of the right base was decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the number of FJC positive and TUNEL positive cells around the hematoma was decreased significantly (P＜0.05). The levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, pro-caspase-1, caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio, GSDMD-N, GSDMD, GSDMD-N/GSDMD ratio, IL-1β and IL-18 were decreased significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusion: MCC950 can ameliorate nerve injury after ICH by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome mediated inflammation and pyroptosis.

YU Tian-yuan's experience in the clinical application of Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness / 中国针灸

To summarize YU Tian-yuan's experience of applying Danzhong (CV 17) for mental illness in acupuncture and tuina. YU Tian-yuan uses Danzhong (CV 17) alone or in combination with other acupoints to treat mental illnesses such as insomnia, palpitation and chest distress. Professor YU emphasizes 4 tips when treating diseases, nourishing the heart to tranquilize by light stimulation; regulating spirit by combined stimulation; leaving the acupoints and holding on the meridian for a wide range of stimulation; using rubbing and pushing manipulation in several directions for regulating qi to soothe the chest. And in clinical practice, formed a unique therapy to treat mental illness.

Effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion in improving tight junctions of intestinal epithelium in Crohn disease mediated by TNF-α-NF-κB-MLCK pathway / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To explore the effect of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) on tight junctions (TJs) of intestinal epithelial cells in Crohn disease (CD) mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-myosin-light- chain kinase (MLCK) pathway. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group, a model control (MC) group, an HPM group and a mesalazine (MESA) group, with 12 rats in each group. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) was administered to establish CD models. When the model was confirmed a success, the HPM group rats were treated with HPM at Tianshu (ST 25) and Qihai (CV 6), while the MESA group rats were given MESA solution by lavage. When the intervention finished, the colonic epithelial tissues were separated, purified and cultured in each group to establish the intestinal epithelial barrier model in vitro, and TNF-α was added (100 ng/mL) in the culture medium and maintained for 24 h to establish an increased epithelial permeability model. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used to examine the permeability of the barrier; Western blot was used to observe the expressions of the proteins related to TJs of intestinal epithelial cells mediated by TNF-α-NF-κB-MLCK pathway; immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expressions and distributions of tight junction proteins in the intestinal epithelium. Results: After TNF-α induction, compared with the MC+TNF-α group, the TEER value increased significantly in the HPM+TNF-α and MESA+TNF-α groups (both P<0.001); the expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, MLCK, myosin light chain (MLC), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and receptor interaction protein-1 (RIP1) decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and the expression of zinc finger protein A20 (A20) increased significantly (P<0.01); the expressions of occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and F-actin also increased significantly (all P<0.01). Compared with the MESA+TNF-α group, the expressions of MLC, occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 and F-actin increased significantly in the HPM+TNF-α group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion: HPM can protect or repair the damage of intestinal epithelial barrier in CD rats, which may be achieved through modulating the abnormal TJs in intestinal epithelium mediated by TNF-α-NF-κB-MLCK pathway.

Mechanisms exploration of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma herb-pair for liver fibrosis prevention based on network pharmacology and experimental pharmacologylogy / 中国天然药物

Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) and Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuan Xiong) herb-pair (DC) have been frequently used in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions for hundreds of years to prevent vascular diseases and alleviate pain. However, the mechanism of DC herb-pair in the prevention of liver fibrosis development was still unclear. In the present study, the effects and mechanisms of DC herb-pair on liver fibrosis were examined using network pharmacology and mouse fibrotic model. Based on the network pharmacological analysis of 13 bioactive ingredients found in DC, a total of 46 targets and 71 pathways related to anti-fibrosis effects were obtained, which was associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway, hepatic inflammation and fibrotic response. Furthermore, this hypothesis was verified using carbon tetrachloride (CCl

Optimization of Mouse Model of Aplastic Anemia Induced by Pan T Lymphocytes Combined with Irradiation / 中国实验血液学杂志

METHODS@#To establish the acquired aplastic anemia mouse model through the X-ray irradiation in combination with lymphocytes injection. AA Group: the purified Pan T lymphocytes from the spleen of C57BL/6J mice were enriched and injected to the mice through tail vein(5×10@*RESULTS@#Compared with 4, 5 Gy irradiated mice in AA groups, the survival time of 3 Gy irradiated AA groups was significantly prolonged. 3, 4 and 5 Gy X-ray irradiation combined with Pan T lymphocyte injection could successfully induced severe reduction of red blood cells, blood neutrophils, and platelets, severe reduction of bone marrow nucleated cells, severe bone marrow hematopoietic failure, and the significant expansion of T lymphocytes ratio in the bone marrow. CD4@*CONCLUSION@#3, 4 and 5 Gy X-ray irradiation combined with 5×10

The Gender-Sensitive Social Risk Factors for Internet Addiction in College Undergraduate Students

Objective@#The current study aims to explore precipitating and social risk factors for internet addiction (IA) in university undergraduate students, and to provide evidence for interventions and the early prevention of IA in different genders. @*Methods@#Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight college sophomores completed an online survey on their internet use-related behaviours and social risk factors. @*Results@#We found that more male (8.3%) than female students (5.4%) had moderate and severe IA. The main online activity in the moderate and severe IA groups was online gaming in males and online streaming in females. Roommates engaging in similar internetbased entertainment was a risk factor of IA only for males, while not being in a romantic relationship was a risk factor of IA for females only. Infatuation with the internet before college and adjustment problems for college life were shared risk factors for both genders in the mild and moderate IA groups. @*Conclusion@#IA was a common phenomenon in college students with shared and unique precipitating and social risk factors in males and females. The gender-sensitive risk factors for IA warranted earlier and individualized intervention and prevention strategies for IA in this population.

Correlations between content of linarin in Chrysanthemum indicum and climatic factors in habitats / 中国中药杂志

Chrysanthemi Indici Flos(CIF), the capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum, is widely used in proprietary Chinese medicine and daily chemical products. At present, CIF is mainly produced from wild resources and rarely cultivated. This study aims to reveal the correlations between linarin content in CIF and climatic factors in different habitats, and provide a theoretical basis for suitable zoning and rational production of medicinal materials. The content of linarin in CIF was determined by HPLC. Grey relational analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were carried out for linarin content with climatic factors. The results showed that the content of linarin in CIF was significantly different among different habitats. The grey relational degrees of climatic factors with linarin content was in an order of average annual precipitation>annual average sunshine hours>annual average temperature>longitude>annual frost-free period>latitude>altitude. Longitude, annual average temperature and average annual precipitation had significantly positive correlations with the content of linarin in CIF, whereas latitude and altitude showed negative correlations with it. The annual frost-free period and annual average sunshine hours had no significant correlation with the content of linarin in CIF. The content of linarin in CIF varied significantly in different habitats. High longitude, low latitude, low altitude, high annual average temperature and high annual average precipitation could be used as indicators for the habitats of high-quality Ch. indicum. This study provides a reference for selecting suitable producing areas of Ch. indicum and establishing artificial cultivation system.

Correlation study on non-volatile ingredients of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To establish the method for determining non-volatile ingredients of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, rosmarinic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, luteoloside, isoquercitrin, hesperidin, diosmin, diosmetin, luteolin, acacetin and linarin in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces by UPLC-MS/MS, and analyze the correlation of non-volatile ingredients in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces. Shim-pack GIST C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 2 μm) was adopted with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was set at 35 ℃. The quantitative analysis was performed using the electrospray ionization source and the multiple reaction monitoring. The linear relationship, resolution, repeatability and recovery of the 16 chemical components all met the requirements. The 16 non-volatile ingredients in traditional herbal pieces of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba could be tracked in formula granules. There were certain differences of the 16 chemical components among Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules of different manufacturers and traditional herbal pieces of different producing areas. The UPLC-MS/MS method was simple, rapid and accurate, and could be used for the quality control of non-volatile ingredients in Menthae Haplocalycis Herba formula granules and traditional herbal pieces.

Effect and Safety of Penetrating Moxibustion in Treatment of Migraine without Aura: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of penetrating moxibustion on migraine without aura (MO) patients.@*METHODS@#Totally 60 MO patients from the Acupuncture Clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine were collected from November 2015 to February 2017. All patients were assigned to a treatment group and a control group using a random number table, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated with penetrating moxibustion, and the control group was treated with mild moxibustion, thrice a week for 4 consecutive weeks. The total effective rate, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, headache intensity, and Migraine Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MSQ) scores of patients after treatment were compared between the two groups. The moxibustion sensation and reaction after moxibustion were observed, and the adverse reactions were evaluated. All patients were followed up at 4 and 16 weeks after treatment.@*RESULTS@#The total effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (93.33% vs. 80.00%, P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Penetrating moxibustion can significantly relieve pain and improve quality of life of MO patients. After penetrating moxibustion, flushing and sweating of patients were obvious, and the curative effect was superior to the mild moxibustion.

Optimization of supercritical CO 2 extraction of red ginseng polysaccharide by response surface methodology and its antioxidant activity in vitro / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:Response surface methodology was used to optimize the optimal extraction conditions of red ginseng polysaccharide and to study the antioxidant activity of red ginseng polysaccharide.Methods:Supercritical CO 2 extraction method was used to extract polysaccharides from red ginseng. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature and extraction pressure on the extraction of polysaccharides from red ginseng were investigated. Box-behnken Design method was used to optimize the extraction process of red ginseng polysaccharide, and Logit method was used to calculate the semi-inhibitory concentration of red ginseng polysaccharide on DPPH clearance (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC 50). Results:The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction temperature 61.12 ℃, extraction pressure 20.64 MPa, extraction time 128.37 min, solid-liquid ratio 1∶25.61 g/ml, and the extraction yield of red ginseng polysaccharide was 36.89%. The results of three groups of repeatability tests showed that the relative error of polysaccharide yield of red ginseng was in the range of 5%. When the mass concentration of red ginseng polysaccharide was 25 μg/ml, it had better antioxidant activity and IC 50 was 10.97 μg/ml. Conclusion:The optimized extraction conditions of red ginseng polysaccharide were reasonable and reliable, and the antioxidant activity of red ginseng polysaccharide was strong, which could provide reference for the follow-up research.

Prediction of Disintegration Time of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tablets Based on Generalized Regression Neural Network / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This paper constructs a generalized regression neural network （GRNN） model to predict the disintegration time of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） tablets. Method:Taking Astragali Radix as a model drug， the mixed Astragali Radix powders with different powder properties were prepared by mixing Astragali Radix extract powders with microcrystalline cellulose and lactose， which were made to Astragali Radix tablets by direct compression method. The powder properties of mixed Astragali Radix powders and the disintegration time of Astragali Radix tablets were determined， respectively. The correlation between the original data was eliminated by principal component analysis （PCA）. The principal component factors were used as the input layer of the GRNN model， and the disintegration time was used as the output layer for network training. Finally， the verification group data was used to predict the disintegration time， and the network prediction accuracy was calculated by comparing with the actual value. Result:Three principal component factors were obtained through PCA by analyzing the original nine variables that were correlated with each other （Hausner ratio， true density， tap density， compression degree， angle of repose， bulk density， porosity， water content and total dissolved solids）， which reduced the complexity of the network. The prediction value of the disintegration time based on this prediction method was in good agreement with the actual value， the error of disintegration time was 0.01-1.34 min and the average relative error was 3.16%. Conclusion:Based on the GRNN mathematical model， the physical properties of Astragali Radix extract powders can be used to accurately predict the disintegration time of Astragali Radix tablets， which provides a reference for studying the disintegration time of TCM tablets.

Effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan on Diminished Ovarian Reserve in Model Rats： An Exploration Based on TGF-β1/ Smads Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the improving effect of Danggui Shaoyaosan on diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） in rats triggered by Tripterygia wilfordii polyglycoside tablet combined with stress， and to explore the role of transforming growth factor-<italic>β</italic>₁（TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁）/Smads signaling pathway in such improvement. Method:Forty-eight female SD rats with normal sexual cycle were selected and randomly divided into a normal group （<italic>n</italic>=8） and a modeling group （<italic>n</italic>=40）， and the ones in the modeling group were given Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets （50 mg·kg^-1） combined with random stress for 15 d. After successful modeling， the rats were randomized into the model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.96， 7.92， 15.84 g·kg^-1） Danggui Shaoyaosan groups， and estradiol valerate group （0.09 mg·kg^-1）， with eight in each group. Under the premise of stress exposure， they were separately gavaged with the normal saline， low-， medium- and high-dose Danggui Shaoyaosan， and estradiol valerate for 15 successive days. The estrous cycle of rats in each group was observed daily. After intervention， the rats were sacrificed and the ovarian visceral index was calculated. The pathological changes in ovarian tissues were observed by hematoxylin eosin （HE） staining. The protein expression levels of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁receptor （TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁R） in the ovarian tissues of rats were measured by immunohistochemistry （IHC）， and the mRNA expression levels of Smad2， Smad3， and Smad7 in the ovarian tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the model group exhibited disordered estrus cycle （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， reduced visceral index （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and down-regulated TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁R protein and Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA expression in the ovarian tissues （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and up-regulated Smad7 mRNA expression （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， Danggui Shaoyaosan at the low， medium， and high doses and estradiol valerate improved the estrus cycle of rats to varying degrees （<italic>P</italic><0.05） and increased the visceral index， with better effects observed in the medium-group and high-dose Danggui Shaoyaosan groups （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Besides， the protein expression levels of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁R and the mRNA expression levels of Smad2 and Smad3 in the ovarian tissues were elevated to varying degrees （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the Smad7 mRNA expression declined （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The improvements in TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁ and TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁R protein expression of the medium-dose Danggui Shaoyaosan group and estradiol valerate group were more obvious. Conclusion:Danggui Shaoyaosan significantly improves ovarian reserve in DOR rats， which is closely related to the regulation of TGF-<italic>β</italic>₁/Smads signaling pathway.

The Gender-Sensitive Social Risk Factors for Internet Addiction in College Undergraduate Students

Objective@#The current study aims to explore precipitating and social risk factors for internet addiction (IA) in university undergraduate students, and to provide evidence for interventions and the early prevention of IA in different genders. @*Methods@#Four thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight college sophomores completed an online survey on their internet use-related behaviours and social risk factors. @*Results@#We found that more male (8.3%) than female students (5.4%) had moderate and severe IA. The main online activity in the moderate and severe IA groups was online gaming in males and online streaming in females. Roommates engaging in similar internetbased entertainment was a risk factor of IA only for males, while not being in a romantic relationship was a risk factor of IA for females only. Infatuation with the internet before college and adjustment problems for college life were shared risk factors for both genders in the mild and moderate IA groups. @*Conclusion@#IA was a common phenomenon in college students with shared and unique precipitating and social risk factors in males and females. The gender-sensitive risk factors for IA warranted earlier and individualized intervention and prevention strategies for IA in this population.

Detection of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to investigate the diagnostic value of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with the clinicopathological features of OSCC.@*METHODS@#Ninety-three patients diagnosed as OSCC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2019 to May 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and 20 healthy volunteers were employed as the control group. The CTCs value of peripheral blood of the patients were measured by CTCs detection technology, and its clinical significance was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The CTCs values in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Peripheral blood CTCs has important clinical value for early screening, auxiliary diagnosis, evaluation of metastasis, and determination of malignant degree, progression, and pathological grade of OSCC and a relatively reliable tumor detection indicator.